Dynamics of Episodic Magma Injection and Migration at Yellowstone Caldera: Revisiting the 2004–2009 Episode of Caldera Uplift With InSAR and GPS Data

The 2004–2009 caldera uplift is the largest instrumentally recorded episode of unrest at Yellowstone caldera. We use GPS and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time series spanning 2004–2015, with a focus in aforementioned event to understand mechanisms unrest. InSAR data ∼25 ∼20 cm Sour Creek (SCD) Mallard Lake (MLD) resurgent domes during 2004–2009, ∼8 subsidence Norris Geyser Basin (NGB) 2004–2008. SCD/MLD was followed by across floor maximum MLD ∼1.5–2.5 cm/yr, no deformation NGB. best-fit source models for period are two horizontal sills depths ∼8.7 10.6 km NGB, respectively, volume changes 0.354 −0.121 km3, an overpressure ∼0.1 MPa. record exponentially increasing decreasing between 2004 2009, which indicative magma injection into reservoir, need other However, extraction from NGB unable explain coeval uplift. Models can also episodes like that 2014–2015. Distributed sill opening show stored clear boundary SCD. Since orders magnitude below tensile strength encasing rock, historical these very unlikely trigger eruption.